Objectives 

• Shifting

• Stretching

• Compressing

• Reflecting

Examples

• Example 1

• Example 2

• Example 3

• Example 4

A graph may be reflected (or "flipped") across the x-axis or across the y-axis.

The type of stretch depends on whether the y coordinate or the 
x coordinate is being changed.

x-Axis Reflection

We can reflect the graph across the x-axis by multiplying each y-coordinate ("outside the basic function") on the original graph by -1, while leaving the x coordinates unchanged.

y-Axis Reflection

We can reflect the graph across the y-axis by multiplying each x-coordinate ("inside the basic function") on the original graph by -1, while leaving the y coordinates unchanged.

The new graph retains the same basic shape as the original graph.